NDLI: Tissue response to chronically stimulated implanted epimysial and intramuscular electrodes

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Tissue response to chronically stimulated implanted epimysial and intramuscular electrodes

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Tissue response to chronically stimulated implanted epimysial and intramuscular electrodes

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Akers, J.M. Peckham, P.H. Keith, M.W. Merritt, K.
Copyright Year	1993
Abstract	Twenty-four epimysial and 16 intramuscular electrodes were implanted in five adult dogs for periods ranging from 11 to 50 months. Chronic stimulation was applied to half of the electrodes for eight weeks near the end of the implantation period. The tissue response was rated by the amount and appearance of the fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells seen in the capsule lining the region of the electrode. The encapsulation tissues were composed primarily of collagen and fibroblasts and some macrophages and few other inflammatory cells. The epimysial electrodes exhibited more variation between and within electrodes, but had more of the better scores than the intramuscular electrodes. No difference in the distribution of scores was measured between the control and stimulated groups for the epimysial electrodes. While the scores for the intramuscular electrodes varied very little, variance was sufficient to indicate a trend for poorer ratings with the application of chronic stimulation. Fibrous capsules were generally thinner under the epimysial electrodes than around the intramuscular electrodes. For both electrode types, the thickness was not correlated with the application or level of chronic stimulation. Thickness was shown to be positively correlated to the degree of loss of the sutures used to anchor the epimysial electrodes.
Sponsorship	IEEE Computer Society
Starting Page	207
Ending Page	220
Page Count	14
File Size	252747
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10636528
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1997-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Dogs Neuromuscular stimulation Control systems Muscles Humans In vivo Biomedical electrodes Connectors Encapsulation Fibroblasts
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Engineering

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