NDLI: Preliminary test method for the determination of surface firmness [wheelchair propulsion]

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Preliminary test method for the determination of surface firmness [wheelchair propulsion]

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Chesney, D.A. Axelson, P.W.
Copyright Year	1993
Abstract	The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) specify that ground and floor surfaces should be firm, stable, and slip-resistant. These specifications are subjective; objective methods for assessing surface firmness and stability are lacking. Objective measures are needed to assess the accessibility of walking and wheeling surfaces and to improve accessibility for people with mobility limitations. This research study focused only on the development of an objective wheelchair work measurement method to assess surface firmness. Firmness was quantified in terms of the work per meter required to propel a wheelchair across the surface. Work was determined by using a SMART/sup wheel/ to measure the forces applied to the pushrim. This measurement method was evaluated on carpet, hard trail surfaces, and various playground surfacing materials. Measurements were also taken on an adjustable ramp set at different grades, cross slopes, and grade/cross slope combinations. Reliable results were obtained on all test surfaces except two (sand and pea gravel) which could not be negotiated by the test wheelchair rider according to the test protocol. The test method was capable of measuring a wide range of surface types, produced repeatable results on nearly all test surfaces, and was sensitive enough to measure 1% changes in grade and differences in surfacing materials. Comparisons between the measurements made on level surfaces and on various ramp angles demonstrated the feasibility of using the work per meter value for a specific ramp grade as pass/fail performance criteria for short distances of accessible surfaces. For outdoor recreational environments, this work measurement method would provide an objective measure of firmness which could be used to classify surfaces into categories (e.g., hard, firm, soft).
Sponsorship	IEEE Computer Society
Starting Page	182
Ending Page	187
Page Count	6
File Size	843801
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10636528
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1996-09-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Surface resistance Wheelchairs Electrical resistance measurement Stability Legged locomotion Propulsion Materials testing Measurement standards Guidelines Force measurement
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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