NDLI: A Ku-band laboratory experiment on the electromagnetic bias

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Branger, H. Ramamonjiarisoa, A. Bliven, L.F.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	A uniformly valid algorithm relating the normalized (or nondimensional) sea-surface electromagnetic (EM) bias to physical variables has not yet been established. Laboratory experiments are conducted to guide model development. Simultaneous and collocated measurements of surface topography and altimeter backscattered power are made in a wind-wave facility for a wide range of wind and mechanically generated wave conditions. A small microwave footprint on the water surface is produced by a focused-beam 13.5-GHz radar system that has a high signal-to-noise ratio. Specular facets are easily identifiable, and the data show that troughs are on average better reflectors than crests. The laboratory coefficients are considerably greater than those of in situ algorithms, and when the normalized EM bias is displayed as a function of wave height skewness or wave age, laboratory and field data converge into consistent trends. A two-parameter model is proposed using a nondimensional wave height, which is computed for local winds, and a significant slope, which is computed for nonlocally generated waves. Analysis of the laboratory data shows that the normalized EM bias for mixed conditions is well modeled as a product of these two parameters.<>
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	1165
Ending Page	1179
Page Count	15
File Size	1546657
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	31
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1993-11-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Laboratories Sea surface Surface topography Power system modeling Power measurement Mechanical variables measurement Electromagnetic measurements Surface waves Wind power generation High power microwave generation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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