NDLI: Atomic fountain clock with very high frequency stability employing a pulse-tube-cryocooled sapphire oscillator

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Takamizawa, A. Yanagimachi, S. Tanabe, T. Hagimoto, K. Hirano, I. Watabe, K.-I. Ikegami, T. Hartnett, J.
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	The frequency stability of an atomic fountain clock was significantly improved by employing an ultra-stable local oscillator and increasing the number of atoms detected after the Ramsey interrogation, resulting in a measured Allan deviation of 8.3 × 10^-14τ-1/2. A cryogenic sapphire oscillator using an ultra-low-vibration pulse-tube cryocooler and cryostat, without the need for refilling with liquid helium, was applied as a local oscillator and a frequency reference. High atom number was achieved by the high power of the cooling laser beams and optical pumping to the Zeeman sublevel mF = 0 employed for a frequency measurement, although vapor-loaded optical molasses with the simple (001) configuration was used for the atomic fountain clock. The resulting stability is not limited by the Dick effect as it is when a BVA quartz oscillator is used as the local oscillator. The stability reached the quantum projection noise limit to within 11%. Using a combination of a cryocooled sapphire oscillator and techniques to enhance the atom number, the frequency stability of any atomic fountain clock, already established as primary frequency standard, may be improved without opening its vacuum chamber.
Starting Page	1463
Ending Page	1469
Page Count	7
File Size	1826609
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	61
Issue Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Atomic clocks Atomic beams Atomic measurements Thermal stability Laser stability Frequency measurement Oscillators
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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