NDLI: Oxide-Relief and Zn-Diffusion 850-nm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers With Extremely Low Energy-to-Data-Rate Ratios for 40 Gbit/s Operations

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Jin-Wei Shi Jhih-Cheng Yan Jhih-Min Wun Chen, J. Ying-Jay Yang
Copyright Year	1995
Abstract	We demonstrate novel structures of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) for high-speed (~40 Gbit/s) operation with ultralow power consumption performance. Downscaling the size of oxide aperture of VCSELs is one of the most effective ways to reduce the power consumption during high-speed operation. However, such miniaturized oxide apertures (~2 μm diameter) in VCSELs will result in a large differential resistance, optical single-mode output, and a small maximum output power (<; 1 mW). These characteristics seriously limit the maximum electrical-to-optical (E-O) bandwidth and device reliability. By the use of the oxide-relief and Zn-diffusion techniques in our demonstrated 850-nm VCSELs, we can not only release the burden imposed on downscaling the current-confined aperture for high speed with low-power consumption performance, but can also manipulate the number of optical modes inside the cavity to maximize the E-O bandwidth and product of bit-rate transmission distance in an OM4 fiber. State-of-the-art dynamic performances at both room temperature and 85 °C operations can be achieved by the use of our device. These include extremely high D-factors (~13.5 GHz/mA^1/2), as well as record-low energy-to-data ratios (EDR: 140 fJ/bit) at 34 Gbit/s operation, and error-free transmission over a 0.8-km OM4 multimode fiber with a record-low energy-to-data distance ratio (EDDR: 175.5 fJ/bit.km) at 25 Gbit/s.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
Starting Page	7900208
Ending Page	7900208
Page Count	1
File Size	830335
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1077260X
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-03-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Bandwidth Current measurement Optical variables measurement Performance evaluation Apertures Optical devices vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) Semiconductor lasers
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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