NDLI: Avalanche Detector Arrays for in Vivo Measurement of Plutonium and Other Low Activity, Low Energy Emitters

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Moldofsky, Philip J. Swinth, Kenneth L.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	Arrays of silicon avalanche detectors are being used for Ti vivo detection and measurement of low energy radiation in very small activities at room and body temperatures. Plutonium may be measured (via the 13.5-20 keV daughter uranium L x-rays) with an array of three 1 cm2 avalanche detectors in the esophagus, examining the thoracic lymph nodes which accumulate inhaled PuO2. The three detectors used in this array together provide uniformity of sensitivity to a source at any angle around the longitudinal axis of the array; using three independent signal processing systems, the array can also provide localization information. Plutonium scratches and puncture wounds may be inspected for contamination and the plutonium may be localized using a specially fabricated 1/8 inch diameter avalanche detector. With this configuration, the Minimum Detectable Amount (MDA) of Plutonium-238 (84% confidence level and four minute count) measured through 2 mm of tissue is 1 nCi. Early results of improved uniformity and resolution with the avalanche detector have shown promise of increased efficiency per unit area of detector face. A step toward unambiguous detection by making better use of the nanosecond speed of avalanche is described.
Sponsorship	IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Computer Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (CANPS) Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. APS College of William and Mary Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility NASA Defence Nuclear Agency Sandia National Laboratories Jet Propulsion Laboratory Brookhaven Nat. Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab IEEE/NPPS Radiat. Effects Committee Defence Nuclear Agency/DoD Sandia National Laboratories/DOE Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA Phillips Lab./DoD
Starting Page	55
Ending Page	63
Page Count	9
File Size	3431721
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189499
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1972-02-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Sensor arrays In vivo Energy measurement Pollution measurement Face detection Radiation detectors Silicon radiation detectors Temperature sensors X-ray detection X-ray detectors
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nuclear and High Energy Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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