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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | George, Augustine Diana, Tanja Längericht, Jan Kahaly, George J. |
| Abstract | INTRODUCTIONGraves’ Orbitopathy (GO) or thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common and prominent extrathyroidal manifestation in patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease (GD). Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with GD develop GO, and with further orbital imaging, up to 80% of patients test positive for TED (1). Physical signs and symptoms (2), as well as the impact on the psychological well-being (3, 4) and quality of life (5, 6), underline the importance of effective disease management. Furthermore, the incidence of TED is linked to autoimmune gastritis and coeliac disease (7), implicating the importance of diagnosis of GO in patients, to identify risk factors for gastrointestinal autoimmunity. Current evidence indicates that stimulating thyrotropin receptor IgG antibodies (stim. TSH-R-Ab or TSAb) are the main causative agent of GO, making its measurement a useful tool to predict and assess both clinical disease severity and activity.TERMINOLOGYNumerous terms have been established to describe TSH-R-Ab, the different nomenclature refers to various types of immunoassays (8). Total TSH-R-Ab also referred to as TRAb, are Ab that interact distinctively with the TSH-R. Routinely, these Ab are gauged by competitive immune binding assays and therefore are termed TSH-R-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII). Since binding assays only assess the binding of Ab to the TSH-R, it cannot display the function of the Ab it tests. Cell-based bioassays however differentiate betwe... |
| ISSN | 16642392 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fendo.2020.629925 |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2021-02-02 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Functional thyrotropin receptor antibodies Graves' orbitopathy Thyroid eye disease Stimulatory TSH receptor antibodies Biomarker |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
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