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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Albani, Giovanni Albani, Salvatore Keshavarzian, Ali |
| Abstract | It is believed that Parkinson’s disease (PD) may originate outside of the central nervous system and converging evidence strongly suggests that gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract may be a critical system in PD pathogenesis. (a) The GI tract is the largest surface area and point of entry for environmental factors to interact with the host. (b) The microbiota that inhabit the GI tract are profoundly impacted by environmental factors including those that are known to be risk factors for PD pathogenesis such as high fat, high sugar/low fiber Western diet and lack of physical activity [1, 2]. (c) GI tract dysfunction such as constipation is commonly observed in PD patients and often occurs decades before PD diagnosis and an abnormal microbiota (i.e., dysbiosis) is observed with those with constipation [3]. (d) A pathological hallmark of PD, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, is thought to be a consequence of inflammation and the source of that inflammation could be the microbiota. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota (especially a pro-inflammatory, dysbiotic microbiota) can activate intestinal mucosal, systemic, and brain immune systems, which can culminate in neuroinflammation [4]. (e) PD patients have microbiota dysbiosis with low levels of anti-inflammatory short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and high levels of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [1, 5, 6]. (f) The GI tract is continuously inundated with a high antigenic load resulting from exposure to pathogens, pathobio... |
| ISSN | 16642295 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fneur.2020.611349 |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Neurology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2020-12-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Parkinson's disease Diet Physical activity Microbiome Immune System |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neurology Neurology (clinical) |
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