Anodized Nanostructured 316L Stainless Steel Enhances Osteoblast Functions and Exhibits Anti-Fouling Properties.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Erdogan, YasarKemal Ercan, Batur
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Poor osseointegration and infectionare among the major challengesof 316L stainless steel (SS) implants in orthopedic applications.Surface modifications to obtain a nanostructured topography seem tobe a promising method to enhance cellular interactions of 316L SSimplants. In this study, arrays of nanodimples (NDs) having controlledfeature sizes between 25 and 250 nm were obtained on 316L SS surfacesby anodic oxidation (anodization). Results demonstrated that the fabricationof NDs increased the surface area and, at the same time, altered thesurface chemistry of 316L SS to provide chromium oxide- and hydroxide-richsurface oxide layers. In vitro experiments showed that ND surfacespromoted up to a 68% higher osteoblast viability on the fifth dayof culture. Immunofluorescence images confirmed a well-spread cytoskeletonorganization on the ND surfaces. In addition, higher alkaline phosphateactivity and calcium mineral synthesis were observed on the ND surfacescompared to non-anodized 316L SS. Furthermore, a 71% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and a 58% reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) colonies were observedon the ND surfaces having a 200 nm feature size compared to non-anodizedsurfaces at 24 h of culture. Cumulatively, the results showed thata ND surface topography fabricated on 316L SS via anodization upregulatedthe osteoblast viability and functions while preventing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm synthesis.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9930089&blobtype=pdf
Journal	ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering [ACS Biomater Sci Eng]
Volume Number	9
DOI	10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01072
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9930089
Issue Number	2
PubMed reference number	36692948
e-ISSN	23739878
Language	English
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Publisher Date	2023-01-24
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2023 American Chemical Society
Subject Keyword	316L stainless steel anodization topography nanostructure anti-fouling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering