Young Adults' Perceptions of 2 Publicly Available Digital Resources for Self-injury: Qualitative Study of a Peer Support App and Web-Based Factsheets.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Kruzan, Kaylee Payne Whitlock, Janis Chapman, Julia Bhandari, Aparajita Bazarova, Natalya
Editor	Mavragani, Amaryllis
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	BackgroundDigital resources have the potential to bridge the gaps in mental health services for young people who self-injure. Most research on digital resources for this population has involved observational studies of content in web-based communities or formative studies focused on the design and early evaluation of new interventions. Far less research has sought to understand young people’s experiences with publicly available digital resources or to identify specific components of these resources that are perceived to be of value in their recovery.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand young people’s experiences with 2 publicly available digital resources for self-injury—a peer support app and web-based factsheets—and to disentangle potential explanatory mechanisms associated with perceived benefits and harms.MethodsParticipants were 96 individuals (aged 16-25 years) with nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in the past month, who recently completed a pilot randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a peer support app as compared with web-based factsheets to reduce self-injury behavior. The trial showed that participants using the peer support app reported less self-injury behavior relative to those receiving the web-based factsheets over 8 weeks. In this study, we used a conventional approach to content analysis of responses to 2 open-ended questions delivered at the end of the trial with the aims of exploring participants’ overall experiences with these resources and identifying the qualities of these resources that were perceived to be beneficial to or harmful for participants’ recovery.ResultsOverall, participants were more likely to report benefits than harms. Participants who used the peer support app reported more harms than those who received the web-based factsheets. In the open coding phase, clear benefits were also derived from repeated weekly surveys about self-injury. Key benefits across digital resources included enhanced self-knowledge, reduction in self-injury activity, increased outreach or informal conversations, improved attitudes toward therapy, improved mood, and feeling supported and less alone. Key challenges included worsened or unchanged self-injury activity, diminished mood, and increased barriers to outreach. The most prominent benefit derived from the web-based factsheets and weekly surveys was improved self-understanding. However, the way this manifested differed, with factsheets providing insight on why participants engage in self-injury and the function it serves them and surveys making the frequency and severity of participants’ behaviors more apparent. The benefits perceived from using the peer support app were general improvements in mood and feeling less alone.ConclusionsFindings contribute a nuanced understanding of young people’s experiences with these digital resources and have implications for the optimization of existing platforms and the design of novel resources to support individuals who self-injure.
Journal	JMIR Formative Research
Volume Number	7
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9880808
PubMed reference number	36633896
e-ISSN	2561326X
DOI	10.2196/41546
Language	English
Publisher	JMIR Publications
Publisher Date	2023-01-12
Publisher Place	Toronto, Canada
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. ©Kaylee Payne Kruzan, Janis Whitlock, Julia Chapman, Aparajita Bhandari, Natalya Bazarova. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 12.01.2023.
Subject Keyword	nonsuicidal self-injury self-harm digital mental health mobile app design intervention peer support psychoeducation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health Informatics Medicine