Cryo-Induced Cellulose-Based Nanogel from Elaeis guineensis for Antibiotic Delivery Platform.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Hajidariyor, Tasnim Nuntawad, Nutchanon Somsaen, Panadda Prukdamrongchai, Raninnart Cherdchoo, Harit Posoknistakul, Pattaraporn Khemthong, Pongtanawat Wanmolee, Wanwitoo Arjfuk, Pariyapat Pongchaikul, Pisut Laosiripojana, Navadol Wu, Kevin C.-W. Sakdaronnarong, Chularat
Editor	Díez-Pascual, Ana María
Copyright Year	2023
Abstract	Cryo-induced hydrogel from cellulose is a new class of biomaterials for drug delivery, cell delivery, bone and skin tissue engineering for cell proliferation and regeneration applications. This research aimed to synthesize cryo-induced hydrogel from cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produced from empty bunch's cell wall of Elaeis guineensis. First, the experiment was to produce cellulose-rich material using hot-compressed water extraction followed by alkaline delignification and bleaching with H2O2. The obtained bleached EFB cellulose was used as the substrate for CMC, and the optimal condition with the highest degree of carboxyl substitution (DS) of 0.75 was achieved when varying NaOH and monochloroacetic acid concentration as well as etherification temperature using fractional factorial design. For cryogelation study, hydrogels were synthesized from cellulose, CMC and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by dissolving cellulose-based matrix in a NaOH/urea system, and the cellulose (CEL) solution was frozen spontaneously at -40 °C followed by high speed mixing to loosen cellulose fibrils. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) and Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were used as a cross-linker. First, the ratio of cellulose and CMC with different amounts of ECH was investigated, and subsequently the proper ratio was further studied by adding different crosslinkers and matrices, i.e., CMC and β-CD. From the result, the ECH crosslinked CMC-CEL (E-CMC-CEL) gel had the highest swelling properties of 5105% with the average pore size of lyophilized hydrogel of 300 µm. In addition, E-CMC-CEL gel had the highest loading and release capability of tetracycline in buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 3.2. At pH 7.4, tetracycline loading and release properties of E-CMC-CEL gel were 65.85 mg g-1 dry hydrogel and 46.48 mg g-1 dry hydrogel (70.6% cumulative release), respectively. However, at pH 3.2, the loading and release capabilities of Tetracycline were moderately lower at 16.25 mg g-1 dry hydrogel and 5.06 mg g-1 dry hydrogel, respectively. The findings presented that E-CMC-CEL hydrogel was a suitable material for antibiotic tetracycline drug carrying platform providing successful inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Int J Mol Sci]
Volume Number	24
DOI	10.3390/ijms24021230
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9866051
Issue Number	2
PubMed reference number	36674748
e-ISSN	14220067
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2023-01-08
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) synthesis cellulose production beta-cyclodextrin oil palm empty fruit bunch delignification cryogelation hydrogel drug delivery tetracycline pH controlled release antimicrobial activity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Spectroscopy Catalysis Computer Science Applications Medicine Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry