NDLI: Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Bijoy, Sneha Bijoy, Sini Atluri, Sobha Ajayi, Folasade Shaaban, Hamid
Editor	Muacevic, Alexander Adler, John R
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects a subset of T lymphocytes referred to as CD4 T-helper cells. This insult to the quantity and quality of T lymphocytes leads to a significant compromise of the immune system and the development of an environment of abnormal immune activation. This aberrancy in the immune system increases the susceptibility to developing various malignancies. Hematological abnormalities like cytopenias are among the most common complications of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoid malignancies. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a disease of ineffective hematopoiesis causing dysplastic cells and hypercellular bone marrow, manifesting as pancytopenia, has been described in patients with HIV but is poorly documented in the medical literature. We present the case of a middle-aged male with longstanding HIV who developed severe pancytopenia secondary to high-risk MDS and eventually progressed to and died from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a phenomenon infrequently reported as associated with HIV/AIDS. Patients with HIV/AIDS and cytopenias should get a detailed hematological evaluation so as not to miss or delay the AML diagnosis.
Journal	Cureus
Volume Number	14
DOI	10.7759/cureus.32409
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9832940
Issue Number	12
PubMed reference number	36644058
e-ISSN	21688184
Language	English
Publisher	Cureus
Publisher Date	2022-12-11
Publisher Place	Palo Alto (CA)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	aids human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv)) human immuno deficiency virus hiv aids severe pancytopenia aids ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ) myelodysplastic syndrome acute myeloid leukemia (aml) human immunodeficiency virus infection
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Case study
Subject	Medicine

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