In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Sulforaphane Anti-Candida Activity.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Silva, Bruna L. R. Simão, Gisele Campos, Carmem D. L. Monteiro, Cinara R. A. V. Bueno, Laryssa R. Ortis, Gabriel B. Mendes, Saulo J. F. Moreira, Israel Viegas Maria-Ferreira, Daniele Sousa, Eduardo M. Vidal, Flávia C. B. Monteiro, Cristina de Andrade Monteiro-Neto, Valério Fernandes, Elizabeth S.
Editor	Franco, Carlos M. Maresca, Marc
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	Oropharyngeal candidiasis/candidosis is a common and recurrent opportunistic fungal infection. Fluconazole (FLZ), one of the most used and effective antifungal agents, has been associated with a rise of resistant Candida species in immunocompromised patients undergoing prophylactic therapy. Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound from cruciferous vegetables, is an antimicrobial with yet controversial activities and mechanisms on fungi. Herein, the in silico and antifungal activities of SFN against C. albicans were investigated. In silico analyzes for the prediction of the biological activities and oral bioavailability of SFN, its possible toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as the estimates of its gastrointestinal absorption, permeability to the blood-brain barrier and skin, and similarities to drugs, were performed by using different software. SFN in vitro anti-Candida activities alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLZ) were determined by the broth microdilution method and the checkerboard, biofilm and hyphae formation tests. Amongst the identified probable biological activities of SFN, nine indicated an antimicrobial potential. SFN was predicted to be highly absorbable by the gastrointestinal tract, to present good oral availability, and not to be irritant and/or hepatotoxic. SFN presented antifungal activity against C. albicans and prevented both biofilm and hyphae formation by this microorganism. SFN was additive/synergistic to FLZ. Overall, the data highlights the anti-Candida activity of SFN and its potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy to FLZ in clinical settings.
Journal	Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume Number	11
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9774275
Issue Number	12
PubMed reference number	36551499
e-ISSN	20796382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics11121842
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-12-19
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2022 by the authors.
Subject Keyword	sulforaphane antifungal activity Candida albicans in silico analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Microbiology Pharmacology (medical) Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)