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Multivariate Analysis Revealed Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Improves Anti-Melanoma Activity of Non-Flavonoid Compounds in Indonesian Brown Algae Ethanol Extract.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Sunarwidhi, Anggit Listyacahyani Hernawan, Ari Frediansyah, Andri Widyastuti, Sri Martyasari, Ni Wayan Riyani Abidin, Angga Susmana Padmi, Hasriaton Handayani, Ervina Utami, Ni Wayan Putri Maulana, Farreh Alan Ichfa, Muhammad Syach Maulad Prasedya, Eka Sunarwidhi |
| Editor | L. Ashour, Mohamed Al Musayeib, Nawal M. Youssef, Fadia S. |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Abstract | Indonesia has high biodiversity of algae that are under-utilised due to limitations in the processing techniques. Here, we observed the effect of two different extraction methods (cold maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)) on multiple variables of Indonesian brown algae ethanol extracts (Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum cristaefolium, Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata). The variables observed included metabolites screening by untargeted metabolomics liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), observation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-oxidant and B16-F10 melanoma cells cytotoxicity. UAE extracts had higher extraction yield and TPC, but no TFC difference was observed. UAE extract had more lipophilic compounds, such as fatty acids (Palmitic acid, Oleamide, Palmitoleic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, α-Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid), lipid-derived mediators (11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ((±)11(12)-EET)), steroid derivatives (Ergosterol peroxide), lipophilic metabolite (Fucoxanthin), and lipid-soluble vitamins (all-trans-retinol). Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that TPC, not TFC, in the UAE extracts was correlated with the anti-oxidant activities and cytotoxicity of the extracts towards B16-F10 melanoma cells. This means other non-flavonoid phenolic and lipophilic compounds may have contributed to its bioactivity. These results suggest that out of the two methods investigated, UAE could be a chosen method to extract natural anti-melanogenic agents from brown algae. |
| Journal | Molecules |
| Volume Number | 27 |
| DOI | 10.3390/molecules27217509 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC9655947 |
| Issue Number | 21 |
| PubMed reference number | 36364336 |
| e-ISSN | 14203049 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
| Publisher Date | 2022-11-03 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | marine brown algae lipophilic antimelanoma antioxidant activity untargeted metabolomics multivariate analysis |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Medicine Chemistry Drug Discovery Pharmaceutical Science Analytical Chemistry Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry |
