Green and Integrated Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Chloride Detection in Sweat.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Lopresti, Francesco Patella, Bernardo Divita, Vito Zanca, Claudio Botta, Luigi Radacsi, Norbert O’Riordan, Alan Aiello, Giuseppe Kersaudy-Kerhoas, Maïwenn Inguanta, Rosalinda La Carrubba, Vincenzo
Editor	Parrilla, Marc
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	Wearable sensors for sweat biomarkers can provide facile analyte capability and monitoring for several diseases. In this work, a green wearable sensor for sweat absorption and chloride sensing is presented. In order to produce a sustainable device, polylactic acid (PLA) was used for both the substrate and the sweat absorption pad fabrication. The sensor material for chloride detection consisted of silver-based reference, working, and counter electrodes obtained from upcycled compact discs. The PLA substrates were prepared by thermal bonding of PLA sheets obtained via a flat die extruder, prototyped in single functional layers via CO2 laser cutting, and bonded via hot-press. The effect of cold plasma treatment on the transparency and bonding strength of PLA sheets was investigated. The PLA membrane, to act as a sweat absorption pad, was directly deposited onto the membrane holder layer by means of an electrolyte-assisted electrospinning technique. The membrane adhesion capacity was investigated by indentation tests in both dry and wet modes. The integrated device made of PLA and silver-based electrodes was used to quantify chloride ions. The calibration tests revealed that the proposed sensor platform could quantify chloride ions in a sensitive and reproducible way. The chloride ions were also quantified in a real sweat sample collected from a healthy volunteer. Therefore, we demonstrated the feasibility of a green and integrated sweat sensor that can be applied directly on human skin to quantify chloride ions.
Journal	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume Number	22
DOI	10.3390/s22218223
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9654961
Issue Number	21
PubMed reference number	36365929
e-ISSN	14248220
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2022-10-27
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	electrochemical sensors wearable sensor chloride detection electrolyte assisted electrospinning environmental-friendly laser cutting
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Instrumentation Information Systems Medicine Analytical Chemistry Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Electrical and Electronic Engineering