Correlating Structural Properties with Electrochemical Behavior of Non-graphitizable Carbons in Na-Ion Batteries.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Tratnik, Blaž Van de Velde, Nigel Jerman, Ivan Kapun, Gregor Tchernychova, Elena Tomšič, Matija Jamnik, Andrej Genorio, Boštjan Vizintin, Alen Dominko, Robert
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	We report on a detailed structural versus electrochemicalpropertyinvestigation of the corncob-derived non-graphitizable carbons preparedat different carbonization temperatures using a combination of structuralcharacterization methodology unique to this field. Non-graphitizablecarbons are currently the most viable option for the negative electrodein sodium-ion batteries. However, many challenges arise from the strongdependence of the precursor’s choice and carbonization parameterson the evolution of the carbon matrix and its resulting electrochemistry.We followed structure development upon the increase in carbonizationtemperature with thorough structural characterization and electrochemicaltesting. With the increase of carbonization temperature from 900 to1600 °C, our prepared materials exhibited a trend toward increasingstructural order, an increase in the specific surface area of micropores,the development of ultramicroporosity, and an increase in conductivity.This was clearly demonstrated by a synergy of small- and wide-angleX-ray scattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron-energyloss spectroscopy techniques. Three-electrode full cell measurementsconfirmed incomplete desodiation of Na+ ions from the non-graphitizablecarbons in the first cycle due to the formation of a solid–electrolyteinterface and Na trapping in the pores, followed by a stable secondcycle. The study of cycling stability over 100 cycles in a half-cellconfiguration confirmed the observed high irreversible capacity inthe first cycle, which stabilized to a slow decrease afterward, withthe Coulombic efficiency reaching 99% after 30 cycles and then stabilizingbetween 99.3 and 99.5%. Subsequently, a strong correlation betweenthe determined structural properties and the electrochemical behaviorwas established.
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Journal	ACS Applied Energy Materials [ACS Appl Energy Mater]
Volume Number	5
DOI	10.1021/acsaem.2c01390
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9516555
Issue Number	9
PubMed reference number	36185811
e-ISSN	25740962
Language	English
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Publisher Date	2022-08-23
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Subject Keyword	hard carbon Na-ion battery structural properties carbonization process SAXS correlations porosity electrochemical performance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Chemical Engineering Materials Chemistry Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electrochemistry