Shenkang Injection protects against diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice through enhancement of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Zhang, Bin Zhang, Xue-lian Zhang, Chen-yang Sun, Gui-bo Sun, Xiao-bo
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Shenkang Injection (SKI) on the diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced mice.MethodsSTZ with the feeding of high fat diet (HFD) was used to induce diabetic mice. The balb/c mice and diabetic mice were then randomly divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) model group, (3) alprostadil (Alp, 1.5 μg/kg) group, (4) SKI (30 ml/kg) group, (5) Alp (1.5 μg/kg) + SKI (15 ml/kg) group. After six weeks' treatment, blood, urine and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical assay, ELISA assay, and pathological analysis.ResultsDiabetic mice exhibited evident manifestations of diabetic nephropathy (DN), as indicated by increased 24-h urine volume, urinary albumin and kidney weight index (P < 0.01), which could be attenuated by SKI treatment (P < 0.01). SKI was further found to improve abnormal morphology in glomerulus with increased glomerular volume and to decrease urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucpsaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and kidney injury molecules-1 (KIM-1) levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Plasma levels of anti-oxidant enzymes significantly reduced in the diabetic mice, and those decreases could be reversed by SKI and Alp treatments. Additionally, SKI obviously suppressed the diabetes-induced increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, SKI was found to effectively attenuate the diabetes-induced coagulation dysfunction, as evidenced by lengthening prothrombin and thrombin time, and decreasing plasma levels of fibrinogen (FIB), 6-K-PGF1α and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). With SKI and Alp combined treatment, the anti-oxidant activities and improvements of coagulation dysfunction were enhanced.ConclusionSKI possesses a remarkable property to prevent diabetic nephropathy. The improvements of kidney function and hypercoagulability by SKI were enhanced with Alp combined treatment. The molecular mechanisms underlying the protection of SKI against DN may be related to enhancing the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and improving the coagulation dysfunction.
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ISSN	16746384
Journal	Chinese Herbal Medicines [Chin Herb Med]
Volume Number	12
DOI	10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.004
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9476641
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	36119010
e-ISSN	25893610
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2020-06-10
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). © 2020 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.
Subject Keyword	ShenKang Injection diabetic nephropathy inflammation oxidative stress
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology Pharmacology (medical) Complementary and Alternative Medicine