Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Myllyntausta, Saana Virtanen, Marianna Pentti, Jaana Kivimäki, Mika Vahtera, Jussi Stenholm, Sari
Abstract	Men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women, but the factors that contribute to this sex difference are unknown. This study aimed to examine sex differences in extending employment and the contribution of sociodemographic, work- and health-related factors to these differences. Participants of this prospective cohort study were 4,263 public sector employees from Finland who reached their individual pensionable date between 2014 and 2019 and responded to a survey on work- and non-work-related issues before that date. Extended employment was defined as continuing working for over six months beyond the individual pensionable date. We used mediation analysis to examine the contribution of explanatory factors to the association between sex and extended employment. Of the participants, 29% extended employment beyond the pensionable date. Men had a 1.29-fold (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.49) higher probability of extending employment compared with women. Men had a higher prevalence of factors that increase the likelihood of extended employment than women (such as spouse working full-time, no part-time retirement, low job strain, high work time control, and lack of pain) and this mediated the association of sex with extended employment by up to 83%. In conclusion, men were more likely to extend their employment beyond pensionable age than women. This difference was largely explained by men being more likely to have a full-time working spouse, low job strain, high work time control, no pain, and not being on part-time retirement.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00663-1.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9424425&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	16139372
Journal	European Journal of Ageing [Eur J Ageing]
Volume Number	19
DOI	10.1007/s10433-021-00663-1
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9424425
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	36052186
e-ISSN	16139380
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2021-12-05
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021
Subject Keyword	Aging Mediation analysis Postponing retirement Sex differences Work characteristics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health (social science) Geriatrics and Gerontology