A critical analysis of sources, pollution, and remediation of selenium, an emerging contaminant.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Ullah, Habib Lun, Lu Rashid, Audil Zada, Noor Chen, Baoliang Shahab, Asfandyar Li, Ping Ali, Muhammad Ubaid Lin, Siyi Wong, Ming Hung
Abstract	Selenium (Se) is an essential metalloid and is categorized as emerging anthropogenic contaminant released to the environment. The rise of Se release into the environment has raised concern about its bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential to cause serious damages to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor Se level in environment on a regular basis. Understanding Se release, anthropogenic sources, and environmental behavior is critical for developing an effective Se containment strategy. The ongoing efforts of Se remediation have mostly emphasized monitoring and remediation as an independent topics of research. However, our paper has integrated both by explaining the attributes of monitoring on effective scale followed by a candid review of widespread technological options available with specific focus on Se removal from environmental media. Another novel approach demonstrated in the article is the presentation of an overwhelming evidence of limitations that various researchers are confronted with to overcome achieving effective remediation. Furthermore, we followed a holistic approach to discuss ways to remediate Se for cleaner environment especially related to introducing weak magnetic field for ZVI reactivity enhancement. We linked this phenomenal process to electrokinetics and presented convincing facts in support of Se remediation, which has led to emerge ‘membrane technology’, as another viable option for remediation. Hence, an interesting, innovative and future oriented review is presented, which will undoubtedly seek attention from global researchers.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9379879&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	02694042
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health [Environ Geochem Health]
Volume Number	45
DOI	10.1007/s10653-022-01354-1
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9379879
Issue Number	5
PubMed reference number	35972610
e-ISSN	15732983
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2022-08-16
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Subject Keyword	Selenium Contamination Remediation technology Bioremediation Waste water
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology Environmental Science