The role of IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Makaremi, Shima Asgarzadeh, Ali Kianfar, Hamed Mohammadnia, Alireza Asghariazar, Vahid Safarzadeh, Elham
Abstract	A global pandemic has erupted as a result of the new brand coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has been consociated with widespread mortality worldwide. The antiviral immune response is an imperative factor in confronting the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Meantime, cytokines recognize as crucial components in guiding the appropriate immune pathways in the restraining and eradication of the virus. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by hyper-inflammatory cytokine production, which causes cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As excessive inflammatory responses are contributed to the severe stage of the COVID-19 disease, therefore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines are regarded as the Achilles heel during COVID-19 infection. Among these cytokines, interleukin (IL-) 1 family cytokines (IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) appear to have a strong inflammatory role in severe COVID-19. Hence, understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanism of these cytokines during infection is critical for reducing the symptoms and severity of the disease. Here, the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in inflammatory immune responses are discussed.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9243884&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	10233830
Journal	Inflammation Research [Inflamm Res]
Volume Number	71
DOI	10.1007/s00011-022-01596-w
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9243884
Issue Number	7-8
PubMed reference number	35751653
e-ISSN	1420908X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2022-06-25
Publisher Place	Gewerbestrasse 11, Cham, Ch 6330, Switzerland
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
Subject Keyword	Interleukin-1 family Interleukin-18 Interleukin-33 Inflammation COVID-19
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology Immunology