Apathy and impulsiveness in Parkinson disease: Two faces of the same coin?

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Palmeri, Rosanna Corallo, Francesco Bonanno, Lilla Currò, Simona Merlino, Paola Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe Bramanti, Placido Marino, Silvia Lo Buono, Viviana
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	Apathy and impulsiveness are 2 common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease that could occur in different periods or simultaneously. Apathy and impulsiveness could be interpreted as opposite extremes of a spectrum of motivated behavior dependent on dopaminergic dysfunction, in which, impulsivity, is a result of a hyperdopaminergic state, whereas apathy is viewed as a hypodopaminergic. The study aimed to investigate the presence of impulsiveness and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson disease patients with apathy symptoms.Eighty-one patients with Parkinson disease were enrolled in this retrospective study. All subjects were evaluated by the Italian version of the Dimensional Apathy Scale and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-version 11, to assess, respectively, apathy and impulsiveness; they were divided into 2 groups (apathy and no apathy). All patients were administered also with questionnaires assessing depressive and anxious symptoms.Statistical analyses showed relevant results. In no-apathy group, education was a significant predictor on impulsiveness (attentional and motor) and apathy (executive and emotional); depression was a significant predictor on planning impulsivity and apathy.This study aimed to consider the importance of apathy and impulsivity in Parkinson disease. Although these are considered as opposite extremes of a spectrum of motivated behavior dependent on dopaminergic dysfunction, these can also occur separately. Moreover, several variables could represent important predictors of apathy and impulsiveness, such as depression. Future investigations should deepen the role of other demographics and psychological variables.
ISSN	00257974
Journal	Medicine
Volume Number	101
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9239641
Issue Number	26
PubMed reference number	35776985
e-ISSN	15365964
DOI	10.1097/md.0000000000029766
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher Date	2022-07-01
Publisher Place	Hagerstown, MD
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Subject Keyword	anxiety apathy depression dopamine impulsiveness Parkinson disease
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine