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Odor-active volatile compounds in preterm breastmilk.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Muelbert, Mariana Galante, Laura Alexander, Tanith Harding, Jane E. Pook, Chris Bloomfield, Frank H. |
| Abstract | BackgroundVolatile compounds in breastmilk (BM) likely influence flavor learning and, through the cephalic phase response, metabolism, and digestion. Little is known about the volatile compounds present in preterm BM. We investigated whether maternal or infant characteristics are associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM.MethodsUsing solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed volatile compounds in 400 BM samples collected from 170 mothers of preterm infants.ResultsForty volatile compounds were detected, mostly fatty acids and their esters (FA and FAe), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, terpenoids, alcohols, and ketones. The relative concentration of most FA and FAe increased with advancing lactation and were lower in BM of most socially deprived mothers and those with gestational diabetes (p < 0.05), but medium-chain FAs were higher in colostrum compared to transitional BM (p < 0.001). Infant sex, gestational age, and size at birth were not associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM.ConclusionsSensory-active volatile FA and FAe are the major contributors to the smell of preterm BM. The associations between lactation stage, maternal characteristics, and volatile compounds, and whether differences in volatile compounds may affect feeding behavior or metabolism, requires further research.ImpactSensory-active volatile FAs are major contributors to the smell of preterm BM and are influenced by the lactation stage and maternal characteristics.Longitudinal analysis of volatile compounds in preterm BM found that FAs increased with advancing lactation.Colostrum had a higher concentration of medium-chain FAs compared to transitional BM and the concentration of these is associated with socioeconomic status, gestational diabetes, and ethnicity. |
| Related Links | https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9197798&blobtype=pdf |
| ISSN | 00313998 |
| Journal | Pediatric Research [Pediatr Res] |
| Volume Number | 91 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41390-021-01556-w |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC9197798 |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| PubMed reference number | 33963300 |
| e-ISSN | 15300447 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group US |
| Publisher Date | 2021-05-07 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021 |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health |
