Applying the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) to characterize the society-agriculture-forest system: the case of Huayopata, Cuzco (Peru).

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Cadillo-Benalcazar, Juan José Silva-Macher, José Carlos Salinas, Norma
Abstract	The divergence between the disappearance of primary forests and the appearance of secondary forests indicates a set of circumstances that simultaneously converge in what we called the society–agriculture–forest complex. Such circumstances vary between places and over time and are associated with internal factors—factors originating within the reference system—and external factors—factors originating outside the borders of the reference system—restrict the use of standard strategies for any reality. We present a quantitative model that helps to understand the relationships of the society–agriculture–forest complex as a whole. This comprehensive understanding will allow a clearer discussion of the positive and negative consequences of prioritizing actions on any of the system components. Our model establishes a set of quantitative relationships among: (i) the requirements of food and timber products for society to maintain its structure and functionality, (ii) the level of openness of the society with respect to other societies for the exchange of resources, and (iii) the interface between the economic productive systems and the ecological productive systems. To test the model, the case of Huayopata (Peru) was studied. Findings suggest that the abandonment of agricultural production and, particularly, of tea favors the appearance of secondary forests. However, projects by the Congress of Peru to reactivate the production of tea without adequate technological support to improve the current processes that use firewood for boilers would put the forestry system at risk. In addition, a potential worker 'pull factor' could reconfigure the food system and impact on the local agricultural sector.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02457-6.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC9187502&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	1387585X
Journal	Environment, Development and Sustainability [Environ Dev Sustain]
DOI	10.1007/s10668-022-02457-6
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9187502
PubMed reference number	35729921
e-ISSN	15732975
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2022-06-11
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2022
Subject Keyword	MuSIASEM Primary forest Secondary forest Agriculture Cuzco
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geography, Planning and Development Economics and Econometrics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law