Characterizing CO₂ Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Sassenburg, Mark de Rooij, Reinier Nesbitt, Nathan T. Kas, Recep Chandrashekar, Sanjana Firet, Nienke J. Yang, Kailun Liu, Kai Blommaert, Marijn A. Kolen, Martin Ripepi, Davide Smith, Wilson A. Burdyny, Thomas
Copyright Year	2022
Abstract	Continued advancementsin the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) have emphasized that reactivity, selectivity,and stability are not explicit material properties but combined effectsof the catalyst, double-layer, reaction environment, and system configuration.These realizations have steadily built upon the foundational workperformed for a broad array of transition metals performed at 5 mAcm–2, which historically guided the research field.To encompass the changing advancements and mindset within the researchfield, an updated baseline at elevated current densities could thenbe of value. Here we seek to re-characterize the activity, selectivity,and stability of the five most utilized transition metal catalystsfor CO2RR (Ag, Au, Pd, Sn, and Cu) at elevated reactionrates through electrochemical operation, physical characterization,and varied operating parameters to provide a renewed resource andpoint of comparison. As a basis, we have employed a common cell architecture,highly controlled catalyst layer morphologies and thicknesses, andfixed current densities. Through a dataset of 88 separate experiments,we provide comparisons between CO-producing catalysts (Ag, Au, andPd), highlighting CO-limiting current densities on Au and Pd at 72and 50 mA cm–2, respectively. We further show theinstability of Sn in highly alkaline environments, and the convergenceof product selectivity at elevated current densities for a Cu catalystin neutral and alkaline media. Lastly, we reflect upon the use andlimits of reaction rates as a baseline metric by comparing catalyticselectivity at 10 versus 200 mA cm–2. We hope thecollective work provides a resource for researchers setting up CO2RR experiments for the first time.
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Journal	ACS Applied Energy Materials [ACS Appl Energy Mater]
Volume Number	5
DOI	10.1021/acsaem.2c00160
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9131424
Issue Number	5
PubMed reference number	35647494
e-ISSN	25740962
Language	English
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Publisher Date	2022-05-03
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Subject Keyword	CO2 reduction gas diffusion electrode catalyst comparison silver gold palladium tin copper
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Chemical Engineering Materials Chemistry Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electrochemistry