Positive personal resources and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience, optimism, hope, courage, trait mindfulness, and self-efficacy in breast cancer patients and survivors.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Chiesi, Francesca Vizza, Deborah Valente, Moira Bruno, Rosy Lau, Chloe Campagna, Maria Rosita Lo Iacono, Melania Bruno, Francesco
Abstract	PurposeThis study aims to understand the association between positive personal resources (i.e., optimism, hope, courage, trait mindfulness, and self-efficacy), resilience, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress) in women with breast cancer and breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that personal positive resources can directly influence resilience, which in turn prevented psychological distress.MethodsThe research sample consisted of 409 Italian women (49% patients, 51% survivors) who were administered a questionnaire to assess positive resources, resiliency, and distress. structural equation model (SEM) analysis was carried out to confirm the hypothetical-theoretical model.ResultsPersonal positive resources had a direct positive effect on resilience, which prevented from distress. These results were observed across cancer patients and survivors, and regardless the level of direct exposure to COVID-19.ConclusionsIn both patients and survivors, the relationships between positive personal resources, resilience, and psychological distress is strong enough to be not influenced by the level of exposure to COVID-19 and despite COVID-19 pandemic caused the disruption of active treatment plans and delays in routine check-ups.Implications for cancer survivorsImplications of this study suggest the urgency to screen positive resources and to identify women with lower resilience and a potentially higher susceptibility to develop psychological distress. For these women, our findings suggest the implementation of psychological interventions that build resilience.
ISSN	09414355
Journal	Supportive Care in Cancer
Volume Number	30
PubMed Central reference number	PMC9112265
Issue Number	8
PubMed reference number	35579755
e-ISSN	14337339
DOI	10.1007/s00520-022-07123-1
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2022-05-17
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022
Subject Keyword	Breast cancer COVID-19 Resilience Trait mindfulness Self-efficacy Optimism Hope Courage Psychological distress Anxiety
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Rehabilitation Oncology (nursing) Oncology