Roles of mannosylerythritol lipid-B components in antimicrobial activity against bovine mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Yamauchi, Shinya Furukawa, Mutsumi Kawahara, Akio Sugahara, Tomohiro Yamamoto, Shuhei Kitabayashi, Masao Sogabe, Atsushi Shimoda, So Hata, Eiji Watanabe, Kouichi Yoneyama, Hiroshi Aso, Hisashi Nochi, Tomonori
Abstract	Mannosylerythritol lipid-B (MEL-B), which comprises ester-bonded hydrophilic ME and hydrophobic fatty acids, is a bio-surfactant with various unique properties, including antimicrobial activity against most gram-positive bacteria. The gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus is a causative pathogen of dairy cattle mastitis, which results in considerable economic loss in the dairy industry. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of MEL-B as a disinfectant against bovine-derived S. aureus and elucidate a mechanism of action of MEL-B in the inhibition of bacterial growth. The growth of bovine mastitis causative S. aureus BM1006 was inhibited when cultured with MEL-B above 10 ppm. The activity of MEL-B required fatty acids (i.e., caprylic and myristoleic acids) as ME, the component of MEL-B lacking fatty acids, did not inhibit the growth of S. aureus even at high concentrations. Importantly, ME-bound fatty acids effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus when compared with free fatty acids. Specifically, the concentrations of ME-bound fatty acids and free caprylic and myristoleic acids required to inhibit the growth of S. aureus were 10, 1442, and 226 ppm, respectively. The involvement of ME in the antimicrobial activity of MEL-B was confirmed by digestion of MEL-B with alkali, which dissociated ME and fatty acids. These results indicated that a mechanism of action of MEL-B in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus could be explained by the effective transporting of antimicrobial fatty acids to the bacterial surface via hydrophilic ME.
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ISSN	09593993
Journal	World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology [World J Microbiol Biotechnol]
Volume Number	38
DOI	10.1007/s11274-022-03243-2
PubMed Central reference number	PMC8837570
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	35149902
e-ISSN	15730972
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2022-02-12
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2022
Subject Keyword	Mannosylerythritol lipid-B (MEL-B) Bio-surfactant S. aureus Mastitis Dairy cattle
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Medicine Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology