Nitroxyl Radical as a Theranostic Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Redox Imaging.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Matsumoto, Ken-ichiro Nakanishi, Ikuo Zhelev, Zhivko Bakalova, Rumiana Aoki, Ichio
Copyright Year	2022
Description	Significance: In vivo assessment of paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radicals based on cyclic redox mechanism can be an index of tissue redox status. The redox mechanism of nitroxyl radicals, which enables their use as a normal tissue-selective radioprotector, is seen as being attractive on planning radiation therapy. Recent Advances: In vivo redox imaging using nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive contrast agents has been developed to assess tissue redox status. Chemical and biological behaviors depending on chemical structures of nitroxyl radical compounds have been understood in detail. Polymer types of nitroxyl radical contrast agents and/or nitroxyl radical-labeled drugs were designed for approaching theranostics. Critical Issues: Nitroxyl radicals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have several advantages compared with those used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, while support by EPR spectroscopy is important to understand information from MRI. Redox-sensitive paramagnetic contrast agents having a medicinal benefit, that is, nitroxyl-labeled drug, have been developed and proposed. Future Directions: A development of suitable nitroxyl contrast agent for translational theranostic applications with high reaction specificity and low normal tissue toxicity is under progress. Nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive magnetic resonance contrast agents can be a useful tool to detect an abnormal tissue redox status such as disordered oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 95–121.
Abstract	Significance:In vivo assessment of paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radicals based on cyclic redox mechanism can be an index of tissue redox status. The redox mechanism of nitroxyl radicals, which enables their use as a normal tissue-selective radioprotector, is seen as being attractive on planning radiation therapy. Recent Advances:In vivo redox imaging using nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive contrast agents has been developed to assess tissue redox status. Chemical and biological behaviors depending on chemical structures of nitroxyl radical compounds have been understood in detail. Polymer types of nitroxyl radical contrast agents and/or nitroxyl radical-labeled drugs were designed for approaching theranostics. Critical Issues: Nitroxyl radicals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have several advantages compared with those used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, while support by EPR spectroscopy is important to understand information from MRI. Redox-sensitive paramagnetic contrast agents having a medicinal benefit, that is, nitroxyl-labeled drug, have been developed and proposed. Future Directions: A development of suitable nitroxyl contrast agent for translational theranostic applications with high reaction specificity and low normal tissue toxicity is under progress. Nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive magnetic resonance contrast agents can be a useful tool to detect an abnormal tissue redox status such as disordered oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 95–121.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC8792502&blobtype=pdf
Page Count	27
ISSN	15230864
Volume Number	36
DOI	10.1089/ars.2021.0110
PubMed Central reference number	PMC8792502
Issue Number	1-3
PubMed reference number	34148403
Journal	Antioxidants & Redox Signaling [Antioxid Redox Signal]
e-ISSN	15577716
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
Publisher Date	2021-07-28
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © Ken-ichiro Matsumoto et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Subject Keyword	theranostics redox imaging nitroxyl radical redox-sensitive contrast agent magnetic resonance imaging electron paramagnetic resonance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Physiology Medicine Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biology Biochemistry