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Coronary vasospasm: A narrative review.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Jewulski, Jacob Khanal, Sumesh Dahal, Khagendra |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Abstract | Coronary artery vasospasm (CAVS) plays an important role in acute chest pain syndrome caused by transient and partial or complete occlusion of the coronary arteries. Pathophysiology of the disease remains incompletely understood, with autonomic and endothelial dysfunction thought to play an important role. Due to the dynamic nature of the disease, its exact prevalence is not entirely clear but is found to be more prevalent in East Asian and female population. Cigarette smoking remains a prominent risk factor, although CAVS does not follow traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. Many triggers continue to be identified, with recent findings identifying chemotherapeutics, allergens, and inflammatory mediators as playing some role in the exacerbation of CAVS. Provocative testing with direct visualization is currently the gold-standard for diagnosis, but non-invasive tests, including the use of biomarkers, are being increasingly studied to aid in the diagnosis. Treatment of the CAVS is an area of active research. Apart from risk factor modification, calcium channel blockers are currently the first line treatment, with nitrates playing an important adjunct role. High-risk patients with life-threatening complications should be considered for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), although timing criteria for escalated therapy require further investigation. The role of pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress remains incompletely understood. |
| Related Links | https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC8462044&blobtype=pdf |
| Journal | World Journal of Cardiology [World J Cardiol] |
| Volume Number | 13 |
| DOI | 10.4330/wjc.v13.i9.456 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC8462044 |
| Issue Number | 9 |
| PubMed reference number | 34621490 |
| e-ISSN | 19498462 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
| Publisher Date | 2021-09-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Subject Keyword | Coronary artery vasospasm Vasospastic angina Prinzmetal angina Variant angina Coronary artery disease |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine |
