The inducing of caspase and Bcl-2 pathway with royal jelly decreases the muscle tissue damage exposed with fluoride in rats.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Aslan, Abdullah Can, Muhammed Ismail Gok, Ozlem Beyaz, Seda Parlak, Gozde Ozercan, Ibrahim Hanifi
Abstract	In this study, 42 Wistar albino male rats (n = 42, 8 weeks old) were used. Rats were divided into 6 groups and 7 rats included each group. Groups: (i) Control group: Standard diet; (ii) RJ (royal jelly) group: Standard diet + royal jelly; (iii) F50 group: Standard diet + 50 mg/kg fluoride; (iv): F100 group: Standard diet + 100 mg/kg fluoride; (v) F50+RJ group: Standard diet + 50 mg/kg fluoride + royal jelly; (vi): F100+RJ group: Standard diet + 100 mg/kg fluoride + royal jelly. After 8 weeks, the rats were decapitated, and their muscle tissues were removed. Expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, Bax, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 alpha (IL1-α) and Bcl-2 proteins in muscle tissue were determined by western blotting method. Histopathological analyses were also performed on the muscle tissue. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) analyses were determined by a spectrophotometer. According to the obtained results, Bcl-2, TNF-α and IL1-α protein expression was increased in damage groups compared to the control and royal jelly groups, while Caspase-3, Caspase-6 and Bax protein expression levels decreased in damage groups. MDA level increased in damage groups compared to the control and royal jelly groups, while CAT and GSH levels increased with royal jelly application in royal jelly-given group in comparison to the flouride-exposed group. According to histopathological analysis results, edema and inflammatory cell formations were found in the injury groups, a tendency to decrease in these injuries was observed in the treatment groups. Based on these results, we can say that royal jelly has protective effects on muscle tissue against fluoride damage.Graphical abstract
ISSN	09441344
Volume Number	29
PubMed Central reference number	PMC8443307
Issue Number	7
PubMed reference number	34528203
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research International [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int]
e-ISSN	16147499
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-16456-z
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2021-09-15
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
Subject Keyword	Bax Bcl-2 Fluoride IL1-α Muscle damage Royal jelly TNF-α
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine