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Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Bai, Wei Xi, Hai-Tao Zhu, Qianqian Ji, Mengmeng Zhang, Hongyan Yang, Bing-Xiang Cai, Hong Liu, Rui Zhao, Yan-Jie Chen, Li Ge, Zong-Mei Wang, Zhiwen Han, Lin Chen, Pan Liu, Shuo Cheung, Teris Tang, Yi-Lang Jackson, Todd An, Fengrong Xiang, Yu-Tao |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Abstract | Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the mental health and well-being of medical personnel, including nursing students. Network analysis provides a deeper characterization of symptom-symptom interactions in mental disorders. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of anxiety and depressive symptom networks of Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: A total of 932 nursing students were included. Anxiety and depressive symptom were measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure.Results: Irritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood had the highest centrality values. Three bridge symptoms (Depressed mood, Nervousness, and Anhedonia) were also identified. Neither gender nor region of residence was associated with network global strength, distribution of edge weights or individual edge weights.Limitations: Data were collected in a cross-sectional study design, therefore, causal relations and dynamic changes between anxiety and depressive symptoms over time could not be inferred. Generalizability of findings may be limited to Chinese nursing students during a particular phase of the current pandemic.Conclusions: Irritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood constituted central symptoms maintaining the anxiety-depression network structure of Chinese nursing students during the pandemic. Timely, systemic multi-level interventions targeting central symptoms and bridge symptoms may be effective in alleviating co-occurring experiences of anxiety and depression in this population. |
| Related Links | https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC8433813&blobtype=pdf |
| ISSN | 01650327 |
| Journal | Journal of Affective Disorders [J Affect Disord] |
| Volume Number | 294 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.072 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC8433813 |
| PubMed reference number | 34375200 |
| e-ISSN | 15732517 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| Publisher Date | 2021-07-22 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Subject Keyword | Depression Anxiety Nursing students Network analysis COVID-19 |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Clinical Psychology Psychiatry and Mental Health |
