Role of bile acids in liver diseases mediated by the gut microbiome.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Shao, Jun-Wei Ge, Tian-Tian Chen, Sen-Zhong Wang, Gang Yang, Qin Huang, Chun-Hong Xu, Li-Chen Chen, Zhi
Copyright Year	2021
Abstract	The intensive crosstalk between the liver and the intestine performs many essential functions. This crosstalk is important for natural immune surveillance, adaptive immune response regulation and nutrient metabolism and elimination of toxic bacterial metabolites. The interaction between the gut microbiome and bile acids is bidirectional. The gut microbiome regulates the synthesis of bile acids and their biological signaling activity and circulation via enzymes. Similarly, bile acids also shape the composition of the gut microbiome by modulating the host’s natural antibacterial defense and the intestinal immune system. The interaction between bile acids and the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extra intestinal diseases, especially liver diseases. As essential mediators of the gut-liver crosstalk, bile acids regulate specific host metabolic pathways and modulate the inflammatory responses through farnesoid X-activated receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the signaling effects of bile acids in the context of liver diseases. We hypothesize the existence of a gut microbiome-bile acids-liver triangle and explore the potential therapeutic strategies for liver diseases targeting the triangle.
ISSN	10079327
Volume Number	27
PubMed Central reference number	PMC8192287
Issue Number	22
PubMed reference number	34168404
Journal	World Journal of Gastroenterology [World J. Gastroenterol]
e-ISSN	22192840
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v27.i22.3010
Language	English
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
Publisher Date	2021-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject Keyword	Bile acids Gut microbiome Liver diseases Farnesoid X-activated receptor G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 Immune response
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Gastroenterology