Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Do Not Affect Plasma or Milk Retinol Concentrations Among Malawian Mothers, or Plasma Retinol Concentrations among Young Malawian or Ghanaian Children in Two Randomized Trials.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Haskell, Marjorie J Young, Rebecca Adu-Afaruwah, Seth Lartey, Anna Okronipa, Harriet Eyram Teiko Maleta, Kenneth Ashorn, Ulla Jorgensen, Josh M Fan, Yue-Mei Arnold, Charles D Allen, Lindsay H Ashorn, Per Dewey, Kathryn G
Copyright Year	2021
Abstract	ABSTRACTBackgroundVitamin A (VA) deficiency is prevalent in preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectivesWe assessed the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) given to women during pregnancy and lactation and their children from 6 to 18 mo of age on women's plasma and milk retinol concentrations in Malawi, and children's plasma retinol concentration in Malawi and Ghana.MethodsPregnant women (≤20 wk of gestation) were randomized to receive daily: 1) iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy only; 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN; 800 μg retinol equivalent (RE)/capsule), or 3) SQ-LNS (800 μg RE/20g) during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum. Children of mothers in the SQ-LNS group received SQ-LNS (400 μg RE/20 g) from 6 to 18 mo of age; children of mothers in the IFA and MMN groups received no supplement. Plasma retinol was measured in mothers at ≤20 and 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum, and in children at 6 and 18 mo of age. Milk retinol was measured at 6 mo postpartum. VA status indicators were compared by group.ResultsAmong Malawian mothers, geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations at 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum were 0.97 μmol/L (0.94, 1.01 μmol/L) and 1.35 μmol/L (1.31, 1.39 μmol/L), respectively; geometric mean (95% CI) milk retinol concentration at 6 mo postpartum was 1.04 μmol/L (0.97, 1.13 μmol/L); results did not differ by intervention group. Geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations for Malawian children at 6 and 18 mo of age were 0.78 μmol/L (0.75, 0.81 μmol/L) and 0.81 μmol/L (0.78, 0.85 μmol/L), respectively, and for Ghanaian children they were 0.85 μmol/L (0.82, 0.88 μmol/L) and 0.88 μmol/L (0.85, 0.91 μmol/L), respectively; results did not differ by intervention group in either setting.ConclusionsSQ-LNS had no effect on VA status of mothers or children, possibly because of low responsiveness of the VA status indicators.
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Page Count	9
ISSN	00223166
Journal	The Journal of Nutrition [J Nutr]
Volume Number	151
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxaa439
PubMed Central reference number	PMC8030706
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	33561214
e-ISSN	15416100
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2021-04-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
Subject Keyword	vitamin A retinol plasma milk lipid-based nutrient supplements Ghana Malawi
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nutrition and Dietetics Medicine