Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Shah, Sayed Z. A. Karam, Jawad A. Zeb, Alam Ullah, Rafi Shah, Arif Haq, Ijaz Ul Ali, Iftikhar Darain, Haider Chen, Hong
Abstract	IntroductionExercise is considered a cornerstone in achieving an optimized blood glucose level and reducing body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. This study aimed to investigate and quantitatively summarize the literature regarding the therapeutic effects of exercise and general physical activity on glycemic control.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the therapeutic effects of exercise on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) were conducted using electronic databases. Studies with an exercise intervention lasting more than 8 weeks were included. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Qualitative data were presented narratively in table form. Quantitative analysis was performed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias.ResultsA total of 21,559 articles were identified through different databases. Out of 21559 studies, only 32 randomized controlled trials were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. The average exercise session was 45.15 min, while the average follow-up duration was 21.94 weeks. The mean exercise frequency according to our findings was 3.25 days/week. Almost all the studies reported decreases in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (P = 0.03), BMI (P = 0.04), and waist circumference (P = 0.007) after the exercise intervention.ConclusionExercise plays an important role in optimizing glycemic control and improving quality of life (QoL), BMI, and waist circumference in type 2 DM patients. Exercise could be a safe adjunct therapy to medical treatments in these patients.RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42020210816
ISSN	18696953
Journal	Diabetes Therapy
Volume Number	12
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7947168
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	33547579
e-ISSN	18696961
DOI	10.1007/s13300-021-01005-1
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Healthcare
Publisher Date	2021-02-05
Publisher Place	Cheshire
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021
Subject Keyword	Diabetes mellitus, type 2 Exercise Fasting blood glucose Glycated hemoglobin Meta-analysis Physical activity Systematic review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine