NDLI: Impact of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide on Gut Microbiota Composition, Microbiota-Associated Functions, and Gut Barrier: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies.

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Impact of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide on Gut Microbiota Composition, Microbiota-Associated Functions, and Gut Barrier: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Rinninella, Emanuele Cintoni, Marco Raoul, Pauline Mora, Vincenzina Gasbarrini, Antonio Mele, Maria Cristina
Editor	Mena, Diana María Cardona Roman, Pablo
Copyright Year	2021
Abstract	Background Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as a food additive in pastries, sweets, and sauces. It is recognized as safe by food safety authorities, but in recent years, governments and scientists have raised concerns about its genotoxicity. This systematic review aims to assess the potential associations between food TiO₂ exposure and microbiota composition and functions. Methods A systematic literature search was performed up to December 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The PRISMA guidelines followed. The risk of bias was assessed from ARRIVE and SYRCLE tools. Results A total of 18 animal studies were included (n = 10 mice, n = 5 rats, n = 2 fruit flies, n = 1 silkworm). Studies varied significantly in protocols and outcomes assessment. TiO₂ exposure might cause variations in abundance in specific bacterial species and lead to gut dysfunctions such as a reduction in SCFAs levels, goblet cells and crypts, mucus production, and increased biomarkers of intestinal inflammation. Conclusions Although the extrapolation of these results from animals to humans remains difficult, this review highlights the key role of gut microbiota in gut nanotoxicology and stimulates discussions on the safe TiO₂ use in food and dietary supplements. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020223968.
ISSN	16617827
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Int J Environ Res Public Health]
Volume Number	18
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18042008
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7922260
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	33669592
e-ISSN	16604601
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2021-02-19
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	dioxide titanium TiO2 E171 CI 77891 food additive gut microbiota gut barrier immunity toxicity diet
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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Impact of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide on Gut Microbiota Composition, Microbiota-Associated Functions, and Gut Barrier: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions