Effectiveness of calcium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sodium hypochlorite in eliminating vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus anthracis surrogate.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Yim, Jin-Hyeok Song, Kwang-Young Kim, Hyunsook Bae, Dongryeoul Chon, Jung-Whan Seo, Kun-Ho
Copyright Year	2021
Abstract	BackgroundThe spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, an often-fatal infection in animals. Therefore, a rapid and reliable strategy to decontaminate areas, humans, and livestock from B. anthracis is very critical.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) sanitizers, which are commonly used in the food industry, to inhibit spores and vegetative cells of B. anthracis surrogate.MethodsWe evaluated the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and a QAC in inhibiting vegetative cells and spores of a B. anthracis surrogate. We treated a 0.1-mL vegetative cell culture or spore solution with 10 mL sanitizer. The samples were serially diluted and cultured.ResultsWe found that 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite (pH 7), 1 ppm calcium hypochlorite, and 1 ppm QAC completely eliminated the cells in vegetative state. Exposure to 3,000 ppm sodium hypochlorite (pH 7) and 300 ppm calcium hypochlorite significantly eliminated the bacterial spores; however, 50,000 ppm QAC could not eliminate all spores.ConclusionsCalcium hypochlorite and QAC showed better performance than sodium hypochlorite in completely eliminating vegetative cells of B. anthracis surrogate. QAC was ineffective against spores of the B. anthracis surrogate. Among the three commercial disinfectants tested, calcium hypochlorite most effectively eliminated both B. anthracis vegetative cells and spores.
ISSN	1229845X
Journal	Journal of Veterinary Science
Volume Number	22
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7850788
Issue Number	1
PubMed reference number	33522163
e-ISSN	1976555X
DOI	10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e11
Language	English
Publisher	The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
Publisher Date	2021-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
Subject Keyword	Bacillus anthracis surrogate disinfectants sodium hypochlorite quaternary ammonium compounds spores
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Veterinary