Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of diclofenac in wastewater.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Raysyan, Anna Moerer, Robin Coesfeld, Bianca Eremin, Sergei A. Schneider, Rudolf J.
Abstract	Pharmacologically active compounds are often detected in wastewater and surface waters. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was included in the European watch list of substances that requires its environmental monitoring in the member states. DCF may harmfully influence the ecosystem already at concentrations ≤ 1 μg L−1. The fast and easy quantification of DCF is becoming a subject of global importance. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous mix-and-read method which does not require the immobilization of reagents. FPIA can be performed in one phase within 20–30 min, making it possible to analyse wastewater without any complicated pre-treatment. In this study, new tracer molecules with different structures, linking fluorophores to derivatives of the analyte, were synthesized, three homologous tracers based on DCF, two including a C6 spacer, and one heterologous tracer derived from 5-hydroxy-DCF. The tracer molecules were thoroughly assessed for performance. Regarding sensitivity of the FPIA, the lowest limit of detection reached was 2.0 μg L−1 with a working range up to 870 μg L−1. The method was validated for real wastewater samples against LC-MS/MS as reference method with good agreement of both methods.Graphical abstractSupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-020-03058-w.
ISSN	16182642
Journal	Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume Number	413
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7813709
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	33241445
e-ISSN	16182650
DOI	10.1007/s00216-020-03058-w
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2020-11-25
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2020
Subject Keyword	Diclofenac FPIA Water Wastewater NSAID
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry