NDLI: Systematic Approach to Malalignment Type Ventricular Septal Defects.

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Systematic Approach to Malalignment Type Ventricular Septal Defects.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Yoo, Shi‐Joon Saito, Mika Hussein, Nabil Golding, Fraser Goo, Hyun Woo Lee, Whal Lam, Christopher Z. Seed, Mike Dragulescu, Andreea
Abstract	AbstractVarious congenital heart diseases are associated with malalignment of a part of the ventricular septum. Most commonly, the outlet septum is malaligned toward the right or left ventricle. Less commonly, the whole or a major part of the ventricular septum is malaligned in relation to the atrial septal plane. Although the pathological conditions associated with ventricular septal malalignment have been well recognized, the descriptions are often confusing and sometimes incorrect. In this pictorial essay, we introduce our systematic approach to the assessment of malalignment type ventricular septal defects with typical case examples. The systematic approach comprises description of the essential features of malalignment, including the following: (1) the malaligned part of the ventricular septum, (2) the reference structure, (3) the mechanism of malalignment, (4) the direction of malalignment, and (5) the severity of malalignment.
Page Count	10
Journal	Journal of the American Heart Association
Volume Number	9
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7763733
Issue Number	22
PubMed reference number	33170057
e-ISSN	20479980
DOI	10.1161/jaha.120.018275
Language	English
Publisher	John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Publisher Date	2020-11-10
Publisher Place	Hoboken
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. © 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
Subject Keyword	double outlet right ventricle malalignment overriding straddling ventricular septal defect Congenital Heart Disease Imaging Statements and Guidelines
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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