COVID-19 in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency: The United Kingdom experience.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Shields, Adrian M. Burns, Siobhan O. Savic, Sinisa Richter, Alex G.
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	BackgroundAs of November 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in 55 million infections worldwide and more than 1.3 million deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Outcomes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in individuals with primary immunodeficiency (PID) or symptomatic secondary immunodeficiency (SID) remain uncertain.ObjectivesWe sought to document the outcomes of individuals with PID or symptomatic SID following COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.MethodsAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Kingdom Primary Immunodeficiency Network established a registry of cases to collate the nationwide outcomes of COVID-19 in individuals with PID or symptomatic SID and determine risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in these patient groups.ResultsA total of 100 patients had been enrolled by July 1, 2020, 60 with PID, 7 with other inborn errors of immunity including autoinflammatory diseases and C1 inhibitor deficiency, and 33 with symptomatic SID. In individuals with PID, 53.3% (32 of 60) were hospitalized, the infection-fatality ratio was 20.0% (12 of 60), the case-fatality ratio was 31.6% (12 of 38), and the inpatient mortality was 37.5% (12 of 32). Individuals with SID had worse outcomes than those with PID; 75.8% (25 of 33) were hospitalized, the infection-fatality ratio was 33.3% (11 of 33), the case-fatality ratio was 39.2% (11 of 28), and inpatient mortality was 44.0% (11 of 25).ConclusionsIn comparison to the general population, adult patients with PID and symptomatic SID display greater morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. This increased risk must be reflected in public health guidelines to adequately protect vulnerable patients from exposure to the virus.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC7737531&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	00916749
Journal	The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [J Allergy Clin Immunol]
Volume Number	147
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.620
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7737531
Issue Number	3
PubMed reference number	33338534
e-ISSN	10976825
Language	English
Publisher	American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Publisher Date	2020-12-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. © 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
Subject Keyword	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 primary immunodeficiency secondary immunodeficiency CFR, Case-fatality ratio COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019 CVID, Common variable immunodeficiency IFR, Infection-fatality ratio PID, Primary immunodeficiency SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SID, Secondary immunodeficiency
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology