Skeletal muscle redox signaling in rheumatoid arthritis.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Steinz, Maarten M. Santos-Alves, Estela Lanner, Johanna T.
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis and the presence of serum autoantibodies. In addition, skeletal muscle weakness is a common comorbidity that contributes to inability to work and reduced quality of life. Loss in muscle mass cannot alone account for the muscle weakness induced by RA, but instead intramuscular dysfunction appears as a critical factor underlying the decreased force generating capacity for patients afflicted by arthritis. Oxidative stress and associated oxidative post-translational modifications have been shown to contribute to RA-induced muscle weakness in animal models of arthritis and patients with RA. However, it is still unclear how and which sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that are involved in the oxidative stress that drives the progression toward decreased muscle function in RA. Nevertheless, mitochondria, NADPH oxidases (NOX), nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and phospholipases (PLA) have all been associated with increased ROS/RNS production in RA-induced muscle weakness. In this review, we aim to cover potential ROS sources and underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress and loss of force production in RA. We also addressed the use of antioxidants and exercise as potential tools to counteract oxidative stress and skeletal muscle weakness.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC7642299&blobtype=pdf
Page Count	16
ISSN	01435221
Journal	Clinical Science (London, England : 1979) [Clin Sci (Lond)]
Volume Number	134
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7642299
Issue Number	21
PubMed reference number	33146370
e-ISSN	14708736
DOI	10.1042/cs20190728
Language	English
Publisher	Portland Press Ltd.
Publisher Date	2020-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). Open access for this article was enabled by the participation of Karolinska Institute in an all-inclusive Read & Publish pilot with Portland Press and the Biochemical Society. © 2020 The Author(s).
Subject Keyword	muscle weakness oxidative stress reactive oxygen species rheumatoid arthritis skeletal muscle
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine