Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	D'souza, Simmone Lau, Keith CK Coffin, Carla S Patel, Trushar R
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of all primary liver cancers. Solid tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and management. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the greatest etiological risk factors for HCC. Due to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development, it is important to investigate direct (viral associated) and indirect (immune-associated) mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Common mechanisms used by HBV, HCV, and HDV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response, immune and viral protein-mediated oxidative stress, and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral proteins. DNA integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HBV infection, and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV infection. The current review aims to provide a brief overview of HBV, HCV and HDV molecular biology, and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC, and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC.
ISSN	10079327
Volume Number	26
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7579760
Issue Number	38
PubMed reference number	33132633
Journal	World Journal of Gastroenterology [World J. Gastroenterol]
e-ISSN	22192840
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v26.i38.5759
Language	English
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
Publisher Date	2020-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject Keyword	Chronic viral infection Hallmarks of cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis delta virus co-infection Molecular mechanisms Viral hepatitis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Gastroenterology