Dissecting two distinct interneuronal networks in M1 with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Spampinato, Danny
Abstract	Interactions from both inhibitory and excitatory interneurons are necessary components of cortical processing that contribute to the vast amount of motor actions executed by humans daily. As transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex is capable of activating corticospinal neurons trans-synaptically, studies over the past 30 years have provided how subtle changes in stimulation parameters (i.e., current direction, pulse width, and paired-pulse) can elucidate evidence for two distinct neuronal networks that can be probed with this technique. This article provides a brief review of some fundamental studies demonstrating how these networks have separable excitatory inputs to corticospinal neurons. Furthermore, the findings of recent investigations will be discussed in detail, illustrating how each network’s sensitivity to different brain states (i.e., rest, movement preparation, and motor learning) is dissociable. Understanding the physiological characteristics of each network can help to explain why interindividual responses to TMS exist, while also providing insights into the role of these networks in various human motor behaviors.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC7413864&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	00144819
Journal	Experimental Brain Research [Exp Brain Res]
Volume Number	238
DOI	10.1007/s00221-020-05875-y
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7413864
Issue Number	7
Issue Number	7-8
PubMed reference number	32661650
e-ISSN	14321106
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2020-07-13
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2020
Subject Keyword	Non-invasive brain stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation Motor cortex Learning Connectivity Plasticity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience