Ozonation of carbamazepine and its main transformation products: product determination and reaction mechanisms.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Kråkström, Matilda Saeid, Soudabeh Tolvanen, Pasi Kumar, Narendra Salmi, Tapio Kronberg, Leif Eklund, Patrik
Abstract	Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a recalcitrant pharmaceutical often detected in wastewater and in the environment. CBZ can be removed from wastewater through advanced oxidation treatment methods such as ozonation. In this study, CBZ and its transformation product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) were ozonated, and the formation and transformation of their ozonation products were investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The main products, 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM) and BQD were quantified using isolated standards and LC-UV. Of the original CBZ concentration, 74% was transformed into BQM and 83% of BQM was further transformed into BQD. Both products are more stable than CBZ and could still be detected after 240 min of ozonation. Another major product, 2,2′-azanediyldibenzaldehyde (TP225) was for the first time identified using NMR. Twelve further CBZ products were identified.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-08795-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
ISSN	09441344
Volume Number	27
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7293669
Issue Number	18
PubMed reference number	32333356
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research International [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int]
e-ISSN	16147499
DOI	10.1007/s11356-020-08795-0
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2020-04-25
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2020
Subject Keyword	Wastewater treatment Ozonation Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine Transformation products Product identification Quantification
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine