Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Calaf, Gloria M. Ponce-Cusi, Richard Aguayo, Francisco Muñoz, Juan P. Bleak, Tammy C.
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	Evaluation of carcinogenic substances from the environment is a challenge for scientists. Recently, a novel approach based on 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has emerged. Carcinogenesis depends on different mechanisms and factors, including genetic, infectious (bacteria, viruses) and environmental (chemicals) factors. Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals that can interfere and impair the function of the endocrine system due to their interaction with estrogen receptors or their estrogen signaling pathways inducing adverse effects in the normal mammary development, originating cancer. They are heterogeneous chemicals and include numerous synthetic substances used worldwide in agriculture, industry and consumer products. The most common are plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA), pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Xenoestrogens appear to serve an important role in the increased incidence of breast cancer in the United States and numerous other countries. Several studies have demonstrated the role of organochlorine xenoestrogens in breast cancer. Therefore, the overall cumulative exposure of women to estrogens results in an increased risk for this type of cancer. Factors like lifestyle and diet also serve a role in the increased incidence of this disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze these chemical compounds based on the key characteristics given by the IARC, with a special focus on breast cancer, to establish whether these compounds are carcinogens, and to create a model for future analysis of other endocrine disruptors.
ISSN	17921074
Journal	Oncology Letters
Volume Number	20
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7286136
Issue Number	1
PubMed reference number	32565930
e-ISSN	17921082
DOI	10.3892/ol.2020.11566
Language	English
Publisher	D.A. Spandidos
Publisher Date	2020-04-22
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Copyright: © Calaf et al.
Subject Keyword	endocrine disruptors bisphenol A dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane polychlorinated biphenyls cancer
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cancer Research Oncology