Rodent animal models: from mild to advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Kaur, Manpreet Bedi, Onkar Sachdeva, Shilpi Reddy, B. V. K. Krishna Kumar, Puneet
Abstract	Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a secondary complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, resulting from uncontrolled high blood sugar. 30–40 % of diabetic patients develop DN associated with a poor life expectancy and end-stage renal disease, causing serious socioeconomic problems. Although an exact pathogenesis of DN is still unknown, several factors such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and proteinuria may contribute to the progression of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. DN is confirmed by measuring blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and proteinuria. Clinical studies show that intensive control of hyperglycemia and blood pressure could successfully reduce proteinuria, which is the main sign of glomerular lesions in DN, and improve the renal prognosis in patients with DN. Diabetic rodent models have traditionally been used for doing research on pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies, but have limitations for translational research. Diabetes in animal models such as rodents are induced either spontaneously or by using chemical, surgical, genetic, or other techniques and depicts many clinical features or related phenotypes of the disease. This review discusses the merits and demerits of the models, which are used for many reasons in the research of diabetes and diabetic complications.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC7101706&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	09254692
Journal	Inflammopharmacology
Volume Number	22
DOI	10.1007/s10787-014-0215-y
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7101706
Issue Number	5
PubMed reference number	25149089
e-ISSN	15685608
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Basel
Publisher Date	2014-08-23
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. © Springer Basel 2014
Subject Keyword	Diabetes mellitus Diabetic nephropathy Rodent models Streptozotocin Genetic models Non-obese models
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology Immunology Pharmacology (medical)