Prevalence of Workplace Violence Types against Personnel of Emergency Medical Services in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Sahebi, Ali Jahangiri, Katayoun Sohrabizadeh, Sanaz Golitaleb, Mohamad
Abstract	Objective: Workplace violence is one type of occupational hazards that is increasingly growing worldwide. In the health system, one of the important groups subject to workplace violence is emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, who provide emergency services for patients and casualties as the first responders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace violence and its different types among Iranian EMS personnel.Method : This study was conducted based on PRISMA guideline for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were extracted from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID and MagIran databases using Persian and English keywords. The search was conducted up to December 2018 without any limitation in publication year. The qualities of selected papers were assessed by STROBE checklist. I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity, and random effects model was used in meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata14.Results: A total of 9 studies entered the meta-analysis. The total sample size was 1257 Iranian EMS personnel, with an average age of 32.21 ± 2.01 years. The prevalence of physical, verbal, and cultural workplace violence among EMS personnel was 36.39% (CI 95%:27.29–45.50, P<0.001, I2 = 90.8%), 73.13% (95% CI=68.64-77.62, P=0.013, I2 = 62.7%), and 16.51% (95% CI =3.49- 29.53, p<0.001. I2 = 94.7%), respectively.Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of workplace violence among EMS personnel in Iran, more studies should be conducted to determine the underlying causes of EMS staff workplace violence in Iran. Training violence prevention methods as well as assigning national protective rules are highly suggested. Insufficient studies on Workplace violence among EMS personnel in Iran and high heterogeneity were the limitations of this study.
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ISSN	17354587
Journal	Iranian Journal of Psychiatry [Iran J Psychiatry]
Volume Number	14
PubMed Central reference number	PMC7007507
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	32071607
e-ISSN	20082215
Language	English
Publisher	Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Publisher Date	2019-10-01
Publisher Place	Tehran, Iran
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Subject Keyword	Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Workplace Violence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Psychiatry and Mental Health