Hexavalent chromium intoxication induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in human renal cells.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Jhong-Ching Wang, Tzu-Yi Lin, Tzeng-Jih Yen, Meng-Chi Liu, Yao-Hua Wu, Pei-Lin Chen, Fen-Wei Shih, Yueh-Lun Yeh, I-Jeng
Copyright Year	2020
Abstract	Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is a well-known toxic form of the heavy metal chromium in the natural environment. Clinical evidence has indicated that exposure to Cr(VI) can cause severe renal damage. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) is the main mechanism underlying the induction of cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate in detail the apoptotic pathways induced by Cr(VI)-exposure in a human immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2, in order to understand the mechanism involved therein. Exposure to 10 µM potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a toxic compound of Cr(VI), significantly decreased cell viability after 24 and 48 h of incubation and induced intracellular ROS generation. The expression levels of markers that activate the apoptotic pathway including cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were significantly upregulated in K2Cr2O7-exposed HK-2 cells. In addition, the induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic markers was detected in K2Cr2O7-exposed HK-2 cells. In summary, the present study described for the first time the novel apoptotic mechanism of Cr(VI)-toxicity in human renal cells which may be beneficial in designing optimal clinical treatment for renal damage caused by acute Cr(VI) toxicity.
ISSN	17912997
Journal	Molecular Medicine Reports
Volume Number	21
PubMed Central reference number	PMC6947900
Issue Number	2
PubMed reference number	31974625
e-ISSN	17913004
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2019.10885
Language	English
Publisher	D.A. Spandidos
Publisher Date	2019-12-16
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Copyright: © Wu et al.
Subject Keyword	cell death extrinsic apoptosis intrinsic apoptosis hexavalent chromium human proximal tubular epithelial cell
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Molecular Biology Biochemistry Cancer Research Molecular Medicine Oncology