Cardiovascular Disease in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Pinto, Daniela Sofia Martins Vaz da Silva, Manuel Joaquim Lopes
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	Background: Since the introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), the life expectancy and health quality for patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have significant-ly improved. Nevertheless, as a result of not only the deleterious effects of the virus itself and pro-longed ART, but also the effects of aging, cardiovascular diseases have emerged as one of the most common causes of death among these patients.Objective: The purpose of this review is to explore the new insights on the spectrum of Cardiovascu-lar Disease (CVD) in HIV infection, with emphasis on the factors that contribute to the atherosclerot-ic process and its role in the development of acute coronary syndrome in the setting of infection.Methods: A literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science was performed. Ar-ticles up to Mar, 2017, were selected for inclusion. The search was conducted using MeSH terms, with the following key terms: [human immunodeficiency virus AND (cardiovascular disease OR coronary heart disease) AND (antiretroviral therapy AND (cardiovascular disease OR coronary heart disease))].Results: Clinical cardiovascular disease tends to appear approximately 10 years before in infected in-dividuals, when compared to the general population. The pathogenesis behind the cardiovascular, HIV-associated complications is complex and multifactorial, involving traditional CVD risk factors, as well as factors associated with the virus itself - immune activation and chronic inflammation – and the metabolic disorders related to ART regimens.Conclusion: Determining the cardiovascular risk among HIV-infected patients, as well as targeting and treating conditions that predispose to CVD, are now emerging concerns among physicians.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5872259&blobtype=pdf
ISSN	1573403X
Journal	Current Cardiology Reviews [Curr Cardiol Rev]
Volume Number	14
PubMed Central reference number	PMC5872259
Issue Number	1
PubMed reference number	29189172
e-ISSN	18756557
DOI	10.2174/1573403x13666171129170046
Language	English
Publisher	Bentham Science Publishers
Publisher Date	2018-03-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers
Subject Keyword	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine