Effect of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress Pathways.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Rao, Xiaoquan Zhong, Jixin Brook, Robert D. Rajagopalan, Sanjay
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	Abstract Significance: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological action of PM is of particular importance in improvement of public health. Recent Advances: Both fine (PM <2.5 μM) and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μM) are widely believed to mediate their effects through redox regulated pathways. A rather simplistic graded ramp model of redox stress has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of the role of oxidative stress in signaling, and the realization that many of the observed effects may involve disruption and/or enhancement of normal endogenous redox signaling and induction of a potent immune-mediated response, through entrainment of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS). Critical Issues: The molecular events by which pulmonary oxidative stress in response to inhalational exposure to air pollution triggers inflammation, major ROS (e.g., superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite) generated in air pollution exposure, types of oxidative tissue damage in target organs, contributions of nonimmune and immune cells in inflammation, and the role of protective proteins (e.g., surfactant, proteins, and antioxidants) are highly complex and may differ depending on models and concomitant disease states. Future Directions: While the role of oxidative stress in the lung has been well demonstrated, the role of oxidative stress in mediating systemic effects especially in inflammation and injury processes needs further work. The role of antioxidant defenses with chronic exposure will also need further exploration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 797–818.
Related Links	https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5831906&blobtype=pdf
Page Count	22
ISSN	15230864
Volume Number	28
DOI	10.1089/ars.2017.7394
PubMed Central reference number	PMC5831906
Issue Number	9
PubMed reference number	29084451
Journal	Antioxidants & Redox Signaling [Antioxid Redox Signal]
e-ISSN	15577716
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Publisher Date	2017-12-12
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Subject Keyword	air pollution particulate matter oxidative stress redox reaction reactive oxygen species
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Physiology Medicine Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biology Biochemistry