Clinical Features of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Major Focus, Southeastern Iran, 1994-2014.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	KHOSRAVI, Ahmad SHARIFI, Iraj FEKRI, Alireza KERMANIZADEH, Alireza BAMOROVAT, Mehdi MOSTAFAVI, Mahshid AFLATOONIAN, Mohammad Reza KEYHANI, Alireza
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is associated with a broad and complex clinical spectrum of diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical features and identification of the causative agents of CL in a well-known focus of anthroponotic CL (ACL) caused by Leishmania tropica, southeast Iran.Methods:This study was performed randomly as a descriptive cross-sectional survey to evaluate 2000 CL patients by active and passive case-detection approaches in Kerman Province from 1994 to 2014. The ACL patients were confirmed by direct smear and 600 cases by one or a combination of intrinsic methods.Results:Children aged <10 yr old were the most infected patients (P<0.001). The majority of the CL lesions were located in hands (46.3%), face (34.1%), legs (14.3%), and other parts of the body (5.3%). The mean number of lesions was 1.5 and most of the patients had single lesion (65%).Typical clinical lesions included papule (36.8%), followed by ulcerated nodule (20.7%), plaque (18.4%), and ulcerated plaque (18.5%). While among atypical clinical features, leishmaniasis recidivans (LR) (4.7%) and leishmanid (0.3%) were the dominant forms, followed by diffuse, disseminated, sporotrichoid, and erysipeloid types, 0.1% each, and then lymphedematous, lymphadenic, hyperkeratotic, paronychial, and mutilating types, 0.05% each. Based on various intrinsic methods the parasites isolated from the lesions were characterized as L. tropica.Conclusion:ACL due to L. tropica presents numerous cases of localized form and diverse uncommon clinical presentations, which mimic other disease conditions. Therefore, physicians should be aware of such manifestations for selecting appropriate treatment modality.
ISSN	17357020
Journal	Iranian Journal of Parasitology
Volume Number	12
PubMed Central reference number	PMC5756304
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	29317879
e-ISSN	2008238X
Language	English
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Publisher Date	2017-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright© Iranian Society of Parasitology & Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Subject Keyword	Clinical features Cutaneous leismaniasis Leishmania tropica Iran
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Parasitology