Initiation and continuation of smoking in iran: a qualitative content analysis.

Content Provider	Europe PMC
Author	Ebrahimi, Hossein Sahebihagh, Mohammad Hasan Ghofranipour, Fazlollah Sadegh Tabrizi, Jafar
Abstract	Background: Smoking is the cause for many preventable deaths worldwide. The rate of smoking has not increased in Iran in the past two decades, but its increase among adolescents and young adults is a concern. This study investigates the risk factors of initiation and continuation of smoking in Iran using a qualitative approach.Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted on 12 smokers and 6 non-smokers in 4 selected cities in Iran. Data were collected with deep and semi-structured interviews, verbatim transcription and simultaneously coding. Then, they were analyzed through content analysis.Results: Three themes and 16 subcategories emerged. The themes were personal inefficacy with 6 subgroups included inadequate information, low age, curiosity, consideration of smoking not as a major problem, wrong beliefs, and making reasons. Family inefficacy with 4 subgroups included poor authority, lack of reaction, existence of stressors, and history of smoking. Vulnerable social environment with 6 subgroups included poverty, social stressors, magnification of smoking, network of cigarette smoking, smoking as a norm and convenience of access.Conclusion: Recognition of smoking among children, modification of wrong beliefs about smoking, empowerment of the individuals against smoking from the very childhood, consideration of familial stress and crisis, and ultimately, paying attention to the role of social variables will play a major role in prevention of smoking and encouraging individuals to quit smoking.
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ISSN	23222476
Journal	International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery [Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery]
Volume Number	2
PubMed Central reference number	PMC4201210
Issue Number	4
PubMed reference number	25349865
e-ISSN	23224835
Language	English
Publisher	Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Publisher Date	2014-10-01
Publisher Place	Shiraz, Iran
Access Restriction	Open
Rights License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2014: International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
Subject Keyword	Iran Predisposing Factors Qualitative Research Smoking
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health (social science) Maternity and Midwifery Family Practice Community and Home Care